\documentclass[tjiat]{quizbowl}

\title{TJIAT 2006 Finals}
\author{TJHSST}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\tossup{Although he receives a warning when the redcoats' plan goes awry, he diesdefenseless because of a stableman's betrayal.  A Scotsman, he carriesthree weapons and wears a velvet coat, French hat, and lace collar.  FTPidentify this roguish hero of an Alfred Noyes poem who comes ``riding,riding'' to meet his love, the landlord's daughter Bess.}
{The \req{Highwayman}}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE identify these literary devices.}
\bonusquestion{10}{The speaker addresses an absent or inanimate subject.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Apostrophe}}
\bonusquestion{10}{  One entity represents another, or a person, with which it is closelyassociated.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Metonymy}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Similar to metonymy \pguide{met-ON-i-mee}, part of a subject is used torepresent the whole.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Synecdoche} \pguide{sin-EK-do-kee}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{Located in Argentina, it has a population of 50,000. In the early20th century it was centered around a prison whose inmates became forcedcolonists. Its name was what the native Yamana people called the area. Nearthe border of Chile, it is a port on the southern coast of Tierra delFuego. FTP, name this city which is the southernmost in the world.}
{\req{Ushuaia} (pronounced oo-shoo-AI-ah) (prompt on Tierra del Fuego)}

\begin{bonus}{Identify these South American extremes, FTPE:}
\bonusquestion{10}{It is the highest navigable lake in the world and borders Peru andBolivia.}
\bonusanswer{Lake \req{Titacaca}}
\bonusquestion{10}{It is the highest mountain in South America, at 22,841 feet.}
\bonusanswer{Mount \req{Aconcagua}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Located in eastern Argentina, it is the lowest point in SouthAmerica.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Valdes} Peninsula}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{The main character originally comes from a town used in several of theauthor's other works, and many of the other characters are believed to bemodeled after acquaintances of Paul de Kruif, who co-wrote the book andreceived one-fourth of the royalties although the book has always beenprinted as having one author.  As the main character develops, the authormakes several social commentaries on the state of medicine in America inthe 1920s.  FTP, identify this novel by Sinclair Lewis that tells the storyof the titular doctor.}
{\req{Arrowsmith}}

\begin{bonus}{Identify these other literary doctors, FTPE.}
\bonusquestion{10}{Often portrayed as a ``black man,'' this doctor torments the ministerArthur Dimmesdale as punishment for Dimmesdale's affair with his wife.}
\bonusanswer{Dr. Roger \req{Chillingworth}}
\bonusquestion{10}{The title character of a Pasternak novel, this doctor experiencesmany horrors of the Bolshevik revolution, including the loss of thelove of his life, Lara.}
\bonusanswer{Dr. \req{Zhivago}}
\bonusquestion{10}{The main character of a set of children's books by Hugh Lofting, thisdoctor treats animals rather than humans, for he can communicate withthem.}
\bonusanswer{Dr. \req{Dolittle}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{Harry Truman, Doris Day, Red China, Johnie Ray, South Pacific, WalterWinchell, Joe DiMaggio.  Joe McCarthy, Richard Nixon, Studebaker,television, North Korea, South Korea, Marylin Monroe.  Rosenbergs, H-bomb,Sugar Ray, Panmunjom, Brando, ``The King and I,'' and ``The Catcher in theRye.''  Eisenhower, vaccine, England's got a new queen, Marciano Liberace,Santayana, goodbye.  FTP, thus begins what Billy Joel song in which thetitle object ``has always been burning since the world's been turning.''}
{\req{We Didn't Start the Fire}}

\begin{bonus}{Many other artists have also incorporated totally unrelated items intotheir songs.  FTPE, given a line identify the song.  You will receive fiveif you need the artist.}
\bonusquestion{10}{``Picture yourself in a boat on a river, with tangerine trees andmarmelade skies.''}
\bonusquestion{5}{The Beatles}
\bonusanswer{\req{Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds}}
\bonusquestion{10}{``Leonid Breshnev, Lenny Bruce and Lester Bangs. Birthday party,cheesecake, jelly bean, boom.''}
\bonusquestion{5}{R.E.M.}
\bonusanswer{It's \req{The End of the World as We Know It} and I Feel Fine (Prompt on\req{End of the}  \req{World})}
\bonusquestion{10}{``A mulatto.  An albino.  A mosquito.  My libido.''}
\bonusquestion{5}{Nirvana}
\bonusanswer{\req{Smells Like Teen Spirit}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{This man made an appearance in a 1988 episode of ~Sesame Street~, where hesang ``People in Your Neighborhood,'' but has since been critical of some ofthe sponsors of the show.  He generally opposes the power of largecorporations and has worked for years for environmental and consumerrights, including the publication of his 1965 book attacking the unsafeengineering of many American cars, ~Unsafe at any Speed~.  FTP, identify thispolitician, who ran as the Green Party candidate in the 1996 and 2000elections.}
{Ralph \req{Nader}}

\begin{bonus}{Identify these third parties from American elections, FTPE.}
\bonusquestion{10}{Organized in 1840, this party was created with the goal of opposingextension of slavery into the territories, but eventually fizzled outin 1856 with the formation of the Republican Party.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Free-soil} Party}
\bonusquestion{10}{It was named for the paper money issued during the Civil War and wasfounded to aid farmers after the Panic of 1873.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Greenback} Party}
\bonusquestion{10}{Existing for only the 1912 election, this party ran TheodoreRoosevelt as its candidate to oppose the incumbent Taft.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Progressive} Party or \req{Bull-Moose} Party}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{It was commemorated in 1875 with the completion of the Hermannsdenkmal, astatue in the city of Detmold. The commander of the Roman forces is said tohave taken his own life, following the deaths of 20,000 of his legionnairesat the hands of a confederation of Germanic tribes led by Arminius. For tenpoints, name this battle that stopped Roman expansion into Germany and setthe Rhine as the border between Germany and France.}
{Battle of \req{Teutoburg Forest} (accept \req{Teutoburger Wald})}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE, name these things related to the Battle of Teutoburg Forest.}
\bonusquestion{10}{The Roman emperor at the time of the battle.}
\bonusanswer{Caesar \req{Augustus} (accept \req{Octavian})}
\bonusquestion{10}{The commander of the Roman army at the battle.}
\bonusanswer{Publius Quinctilius \req{Varus}}
\bonusquestion{10}{The Roman historian who recorded the battle in his /Annals/.}
\bonusanswer{Gaius Cornelius \req{Tacitus}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{Pencil and paper ready.  In a certain computer program, key commands aredefined first by pressing two distinct numbers from 0 to 9 in a certainorder.  Additionally, any combination of control, alt and shift can be usedas modifiers.  To determine the number of commands possible, first considerthe total number of modifiers available, then the total number of basekeypresses.   FTP, how many key commands are possible?  You will have 10seconds.}
{\req{$720$} ($8$ modifiers, $90$ base keypresses)}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE solve the following related to combinatorics.}
\bonusquestion{10}{If a license plate is composed of four distinct digits, how manyplates are possible? You will have 10 seconds.}
\bonusanswer{\req{$5040$}}
\bonusquestion{10}{If a license plate is composed of two distinct letters, how manyplates are possible? You will have 10 seconds.}
\bonusanswer{\req{$650$}}
\bonusquestion{10}{If a license plate is composed of a letter and a digit in any order,how many plates  are possible? You will have 10 seconds.}
\bonusanswer{\req{$520$}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{She's not Athena, but in one version of her story she is born fully formedfrom the body of her father.  She's not Aphrodite, but another accountstates that she arose from the sea foam and was considered thepersonification of beauty.  A deity of light and good luck, she took anspecial interest in brides, and her avatars Radha and Sita were renownedfor their faithfulness to Krishna and Rama, the avatars of her beloved.FTP, name this Indian goddess, the consort of Vishnu.}
{\req{Lakshmi}}

\begin{bonus}{Identify these other Hindu Gods and Goddesses FTPE, or for five points ifyou need an easier clue.}
\bonusquestion{10}{His name means ``one who purifies everyone by the utterance of hisname.''}
\bonusquestion{5}{He is commonly known in western texts as the destroyer.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Shiva} or \req{Siva}}
\bonusquestion{10}{In Hinduism, he is usually depicted with four heads.}
\bonusquestion{5}{He is revered as the creator God.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Brahma}}
\bonusquestion{10}{She is one of the consorts of Shiva, and her name means ``BlackFemale.''}
\bonusquestion{5}{She is often seen as the Hindu mother-goddess or the goddess ofdeath.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Kali}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{His most recent novel, ~Crabwalk~, is about the sinking of the German liner~Wilhelm Gustloff~, which was evacuating his home city of Danzig during WorldWar II, by a Soviet submarine.  His work is characteristic of the modernGerman writing style of ~Vergangenheitsbewatigung~ \pguide{fair-gang-en-HITES-be-VAILT-ig-ung}, or ``coming to terms with the past''  He was author of the~Danzig Trilogy~, written about the rise of Nazism in East Prussia.  FTPEname this German author of post-World War II.}
{Gunter \req{Grass}}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE name the three books in ~The Danziger Trilogy~ by Gunter Grass.}
\listitem{\req{The Tin Drum}}
\listitem{\req{Cat and Mouse}}
\listitem{\req{Dog Years}}

\end{bonus}

\tossup{Pencil and paper ready.  Decane is unique in that the total number ofpossible structural isomers for this compound is equal to the sum of theisomers of all alkanes with fewer carbons than itself.  In order to findthe number of structural isomers of decane, it may help to know thatmultiple isomers only occur in alkanes of four or more carbons, and thatnonane has $35$ isomers, octane has $18$, and heptane has $9$.  FTP, how manystructural isomers are there for decane?  You will have 10 seconds.}
{\req{$75$} isomers}

\begin{bonus}{Answer the following about isomerism, FTSNOP:}
\bonusquestion{10}{Isomerism was first discovered in 1825 by Friedrich Wahler, in twocompounds, both with chemical formula HCNO, but with vastly differentproperties. Name one of them.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Cyanic Acid} or \req{Fulminic Acid}}
\bonusquestion{5-5}{For five points apiece, name the two most common forms ofstereoisomerism.  One means two like functional groups are on one sideof a bond, while the other means opposite.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Cis} and \req{Trans} (accept \req{Z} and \req{E}, but no mixing of the two combos)}
\bonusquestion{10}{Another subclass of stereoisomers, this type of isomer means that thetwo structures are mirror images of each other, and are also known aschiral molecules.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Optical} Isomers; or \req{Enantiomers}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{He was born in Venice and spent much of his childhood touring the city withhis father, a former barber and professional violinist.  He suffered fromasthma, which led to him ending his short-lived priesthood and becoming aMaestro at the Pio Ospedale della Pieta, an orphanage for illegitimatedaughters of rich lords, and much of his work was inspired by hisexperiences there.  FTP, identify this baroque composer known as the ``RedPriest'' and famous for his ``The Four Seasons.''}
{Antonio \req{Vivaldi}}

\begin{bonus}{Another composer wrote a piece entitled ``The Four Seasons,'' although fourcenturies later. FTPE:}
\bonusquestion{10}{Who is this composer, famous for his work in modernizing tango music?}
\bonusanswer{Astor \req{Piazzolla}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Piazzola's first major piece was a symphony named for what capital ofArgentina?}
\bonusanswer{\req{Buenos Aires}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Piazzolla was famous for his incorporation of what instrument,similar to the accordion, but having buttons on both sides,corresponding to different notes for opening and closing the bellows?}
\bonusanswer{\req{Bandonea}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{The original article that described the effect of these was initiallyrejected because it did not actually mention the particles themselves.  Thebest estimate for the mass of these particles is between 117 and 251 Gigaelectron-volts, but current technology cannot measure particles so large, aproblem that many anticipate will be solved by the construction of theLarge Hadron Collider at CERN.  FTP, name this theoretical elementaryparticle, which, as theorized by their namesake, give mass to otherparticles.}
{\req{Higgs} boson}

\begin{bonus}{Tell whether each of the following is true for Bosons, Fermions, both, orneither, FTPE.}
\bonusquestion{10}{They are governed by the Pauli Exclusion Principle.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Fermion}s}
\bonusquestion{10}{They follow Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Neither}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Contains the particles that govern the electromagnetic and weaknuclear forces.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Boson}s}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{During the battle itself, both sides were caught with most of their forcesaway from the battlefield at the beginning due to the lack of intelligenceabout the enemy; one side thought the other was actually assembling atAleppo.  Both sides suffered serious losses, but claimed the battle as asuccess; Egypt lost its Ra and Amon divisions, and the Hittites lost nearlyall their chariots.  FTP, identify this early 13th century BCE battle wherePharaoh Rameses II of Egypt was almost killed by the Hittite KingMuwatallis \pguide{moo-wah-tah-liss}.}
{Battle of \req{Kadesh}}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE, name these ancient Egyptian pharaohs.}
\bonusquestion{10}{This Pharaoh, also named Cheops, ordered the construction of theGreat Pyramid which bears his name.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Khufu}}
\bonusquestion{10}{He won the Battle of Megiddo, annihilating the tribes of Canaan, andalso was the successor to his stepmother Hatshepsut.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Thutmose III}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Building his capital at Amarna and changing the Egyptian statereligion to reflect his personal worship of Aten were some of themajor landmarks of this pharaoh's reign.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Akhenaten} (accept \req{Amenhotep IV})}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{This Supreme Court case was perhaps more unusual than many others, in partbecause of an anonymous writer who noted that it could not be cited asprecedent for future cases. Scalia, Thomas, and Rehnquist concurred, whilefour other justices dissented, leaving Kennedy and O'Connor the onlywriters of the ``per curium decision.'' FTP identify this heatedlycontroversial case, that resulted in the termination of the ballot countingin Florida after the 2000 election.}
{\req{Bush v. Gore}}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE, name these chief justices of the Supreme Court.}
\bonusquestion{10}{Born on the same day as Jimmy Carter, he was preceded by Warren E.Burger, and served as the assistant attorney general under Nixon.}
\bonusanswer{William \req{Rehnquist}}
\bonusquestion{10}{He was the only president to go on to serve on the Supreme Court.}
\bonusanswer{William Howard \req{Taft}}
\bonusquestion{10}{He served as the Secretary of the Treasury under Lincoln, and was theonly chief justice ever to be elected into the senate on the Free Soilparty.}
\bonusanswer{Salmon P. \req{Chase}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{The title comes from William Butler Yeats' poem ``The Second Coming''Usually compared to a Greek tragedy in Western culture, it presents acounterpoint to the traditional view of African culture as unorganized andbarbaric. In it, Okonkwo, a leader of his tribe, is exiled from his villageand returns to face colonialism and Christianity. FTP, name this seminalnovel by Chinua Achebe.}
{\req{Things Fall Apart}}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE, answer the following related to Chinua Achebe.}
\bonusquestion{10}{This sequel to ~Things Fall Apart~ follows Okonkwo's grandson as hefaces trial for accepting a bribe.}
\bonusanswer{\req{No Longer at Ease}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Achebe took the title for ~No Longer At Ease~ from the closing lines ofthis T.S. Eliot poem, which chronicles the trek of the three wise mento see Jesus.}
\bonusanswer{The \req{Journey of the Magi}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Achebe is a member of this African tribe, which broke away fromNigeria in 1967, forming the nation of Biafra.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Igbo} or \req{Ibo}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{The turbulent sky mirrors the positions of the figures in the foreground,whose elongated bodies frame a supposedly mythological landscape.  The cityin the background, despite a proportionally inaccurate horse, is obviouslynot Troy, but rather the artist's beloved Toledo \pguide{Tow-LAY-doe}.  FTPname this only surviving mythological painting of El Greco that depicts adoomed Trojan priest, his sons, and a couple of snakes.}
{\req{Laocoon} \pguide{Lay-AWK-oo-on} (Do not accept Laocoon and his Sons)}

\begin{bonus}{Answer these questions about El Greco's era and works FTPE.}
\bonusquestion{10}{El Greco was the chief exponent of this transitional style of artthat bridged the High Renaissance and Baroque periods.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Mannerism} or \req{Mannerist}}
\bonusquestion{10}{El Greco's acknowledged masterwork is this altarpiece that juxtaposesa heavenly landscape with an earthly scene of mourning.}
\bonusanswer{The \req{Burial of Count Orgaz} or \req{El enterremiento del Conde de Orgaz}}
\bonusquestion{10}{Many of El Greco's works can be found at this seminal art museum ofSpain, along with the world's finest collections of Diego Velázquezand Francisco Goya.}
\bonusanswer{El Museo del \req{Prado}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{At the beginning of his reign, he was forced to repel an attack on Greecemade by Robert Guiscard and his son, Bohemund.  Later in life, his mainfocus was the battle against the Seljuk Turks and the increasing heresy inhis empire.  His life is best known to the people of the 21st centurybecause of the writings of his daughter, Anna Comnena.  FTP name thisByzantine Emperor, who presided over the Byzantines during the FirstCrusade.}
{Emperor \req{Alexius I} Comnenus (prompt on Alexius Comnenus)}

\begin{bonus}{Name these other Crusade-era Byzantine Emperors FTPE.}
\bonusquestion{10}{Alexius' son, he recaptured Antioch and was known as ``the Beautiful''}
\bonusanswer{Emperor \req{John II} Comnenus (accept John Comnenus)}
\bonusquestion{10}{John's son, he is best known for his Italian campaign and the defeatof the Byzantines at Myriocephalum.}
\bonusanswer{Emperor \req{Manuel I} Comnenus (accept Manuel Comnenus)}
\bonusquestion{10}{The last of the Comneni Emperors, he was Emperor during the ThirdCrusade.}
\bonusanswer{Emperor \req{Andronicus I} Comnenus (accept Andronicus Comnenus)}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{They were first discovered by James Gregory, and the theorem they sharetheir name with describes the conditions where they exist.  The error foundin using one of these as an estimate is bounded by the Lagrange error, andthese functions show that the value of a function at any point can bedetermined given only the value of the function and its derivatives at justone point.  When they are centered on the origin, they are called Maclaurenseries.  FTP identify these function expansions, which are used in math andphysics as polynomial approximation for many functions.}
{\req{Taylor} Series}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE given the first few terms of a Maclauren series, give the functionmost commonly associated with that series.}
\bonusquestion{10}{$1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^4$}
\bonusanswer{\req{$1/(1-x)$}}
\bonusquestion{10}{$1 - x^2/2 + x^4/24 - x^6/720$}
\bonusanswer{\req{$\cos(x)$}}
\bonusquestion{10}{$1 + x + x^2/2 + x^3/6 + x^4/24$}
\bonusanswer{\req{$e^x$}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{In electric eels, its two components are split to produce electricity andthen reformed with energy from ATP.  In humans, it is released from themidbrain and stimulates the thalamus to produce feelings of wakefulness,even during REM sleep.  Myasthenia gravis results when antibodies block itsreceptors, and it triggers the release of calcium ions upon crossing thesynapse, where it is degraded by a namesake enzyme.  FTP, identify thismajor neurotransmitter necessary for muscle contraction.}
{\req{Acetylcholine}}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE answer the following about muscle cells.}
\bonusquestion{10}{What is the functional unit of a muscle cell?}
\bonusanswer{\req{Sarcomere}}
\bonusquestion{10}{This thin protein filament is found in the I band of the sarcomere.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Actin}}
\bonusquestion{10}{This thick protein filament is located in the A band and binds to itspartner at the edges of the H zone.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Myosin}}
\end{bonus}

\tossup{The name was suggested by William Golding, and James Kirchner describedfive variations, including Influential, Teleological, and Optimizing.Though it was originally criticized as unscientific and mystical, itsdeveloper James Lovelock substantiated it with the quantitative Daisyworldmodel.  FTP, identify this concept of a self-regulatory earth systeminfluenced by the biota, named for a Greek goddess.}
{\req{Gaia} hypothesis (or \req{Gaia} theory)}

\begin{bonus}{FTPE, answer the following about the formation of the solar system.}
\bonusquestion{10}{The solar system began as one of these, a flattened, rotatingstructure of gas and dust that gathers around a new star.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Accretion disk} or \req{solar nebula}}
\bonusquestion{10}{This pattern, described by various German astronomers in the 1700s,describes the regular spacing of the planets and predicted thelocation of Neptune.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Bode}'s Rule or \req{Bode}'s Law}
\bonusquestion{10}{These pieces of rock and metal coalesced to form protoplanets; someremain in the asteroid belt.}
\bonusanswer{\req{Planetesimal}s}
\end{bonus}

\end{document}