Asthma

Asthma affects the respiratory system. Asthma causes a spasm and constriction of the bronchial passages and the swelling and the inflammation of their mucous lining. The body responds by activating defense cells from the immune system, which causes the airways to swell and the muscles surrounding the airways to contract. This cuts off the airflow. During an asthma attack, the asthmatic cannot breathe. This can sometimes lead to hospitalization and in extreme cases, death.(Gormon, Christine p.61-62)

Treatment

No cure yet exists for asthma, but it can be managed through a combination of medication and management techniques.

Medication

There are two types of medication. They are preventative and rescue medicine. Preventative medicine consists of anti-inflammatory medications, which when taken daily, can help. There are two types of anti-inflammatory medicines: steroid and non-steroid inhalers. Current research indicates that steroid inhalers provide the best long-term benefits without serious side effects. Rescue medicine consists of bronchilators. Bronchilators are medications that are used during attacks. They open up the bronchial tubes when the asthmatic has difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

Management Techniques

A great part of living a normal life with asthma is to be responsible for managing it. It is important for the asthmatic to learn the ways to avoid an attack. To manage their disease, the asthmatic should:

see their health care provider regularly

take preventive medicines exactly as prescribed

not use over-the-counter asthma medications

not smoke and avoid smokers

if obese, consult a physician, because obesity can complicate asthma

know their triggers

take their medications even when feeling well

avoid allergens, both in the home and outdoors

Accommodations

In school, asthmatics should be and usually are excused from physical exertion that could lead to an attack or discomfort. Other than that though the asthmatic is mostly responsible for the management of their disease.