CHAPTER SEVENMEMORY |
ALZHEIMER |
CHAPTER SEVENMEMORY |
ALZHEIMER |
CHAPTER
SEVEN
pp. 252-262
Information Processing System due Tues/Wed
1. Explain the
analogy between computers and current theories of human
cognition and memory.
Describe the function of encoding, storage and
retrieval stages.
2. Use a diagram
to show the sequence and interaction between the stages of:
sensory storage, short
term memory and long term memory.
3. For sensory
storage: list duration of visual and auditory sensory
registers; explain
the function of sensory memory,; how partial report
technique can be used
to study sensory memory loss; how selective attention
and pattern recognition
play into this stage.
4. For short term
memory: describe how the Brown-Peterson paradigm can be
used to study duration;
define capacity in terms of “chunks” both acoustical
and visual/semantic.
5. Describe the serial
position phenomenon and relate the primacy and recency
effects to the functions
of short term and long term memory.
6. For long term memory:
compare and contrast episodic, semantic and
procedural memories
and give examples for each. Describe how “permastore”
memory differs from
other kinds of long term memories.
pp. 263-272.
Encoding--> Retrieval. due Thurs/Fri
7. Compare and
contrast maintenance rehearsal (shallow processing)and
elaborative rehearsal
(deep processing) and give an example of each.
8. Define subjective
organization and describe its effect on memory. Give
examples of mnemonic
devices: imaginal, peg, loci and eidetic.
9. Explain what
is meant by reconstructive retrieval from memory. How does
context effect recall?
Why is it not the same for recognition? Relate
contextual retrieval
cues and state-dependent learning--effects of mood on
recall to state-dependent.
Using state-dependent memory, argue against
hypnoticaly-enhanced
testimony.
10. Describe
the TOT phenomenon and explain how the study of this
phenomenon can assist
in understanding the nature of long-term memory.
pp. 272-283 Flashbulb-->
Forgetting. due Mon 12Jan
11. Describe and give
an example of flashbulb memory. How accurate?
12. Explain
the work done by Loftus on eyewitness testimony. How related to
reconstructive memory?
How questions used to cue retrieval may influence what
is recalled? How violence
effects accuracy? How confidence level relates to
accuracy? How cross-race
identification relates to accuracy? What is the
verbal overshadowing
effect?
13. Compare the decay
and interference theories of forgetting from long term
memory.
How could you design a study schedule that would minimize the
effects of proactive
and retroactive interference?
14. Describe the type
of memory loss that accompanies old age. Define
amnesia and distinguish
between anterograde and retrograde type, Relate
Korsakoff’s syndrome,
anterograde amnesia and the hippocampus.
pp. 283-287.
Biology of memory structures. due Tues/Wed
15. Cite evidence
for the link between procedural memory and the cerebellum.
16. Distinguish
between the roles of the hippocampus and the thalamus in
memory.
17. Describe
the neurochemical basis of memory theory: role of
norepinephrine, Korsakoff,
and the receptor. What about a memory pill? Would you take
one? Ethics?
18. Discuss
the possible adaptive significance of memory and of forgetting.
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chapter
7 memory
Multiple Choice.
1. Shola was asked
to name Christopher Columbus’ ships. She knew the
answer, but could
not seem to remember the names at the moment. The
type of failure Karen
experienced was
a. storage failure
b. sensory coding failure c. retrieval failure
d. encoding failure
2. Ryan
has, in a fraction of a second, just figured out that the visual stimulus
that was held in the sensory memory was a tree. This was accomplished
by
a. short term memory
b. pattern recognition c. rehearsal d. attention.
3. Which of the
following illustrates retrieval from short-term memory?
a. recalling Mike
Greiner’s account of his experience at Cornell
b. remembering the
list of key terms in the chapter on memory
c. recalling a number
you have just looked up in the Yellow Pages as you
walked to the phone
d. none of the above, they are all long term.
4. If a long
series of numbers can be remembered by breaking them
into sets of three,
corresponding to telephone area codes, the technique
being used is
a. maintenance rehearsal
b. method of loci c. chunking
d. reconstructive
memory.
5. Immediately
after you are presented with an item to remember,
you are required to
count backwards for a while before attempting
retrieval. The
counting task prevents
a. rehearsal
b. sensory registration c. pattern recognition
d. selective attention.
6. Jim wrote
a grocery list but forgot to take it to the store. Rather than
return for it, he
decided to buy as many items as he could remember. He
discovered later that
the foods he had bought were mainly those that appeared at the beginning
of the list. His memory for these items is an example of
a. the primacy effect
b. the recency effect c. partial report
d. whole report technique.
7. The serial
position phenomenon suggest that items in which position of a list will
be most poorly remembered?
a. beginning b. middle c. end d. Von Roherstof
8. Remembering
poems, world history facts and dates, and the names of
the US presidents
is based on the contents of
a. semantic
memory b. procedural memory c. short-term memory
d. episodic memory.
9. Which of the
following is most likely to be negatively affected by amnesia?
a.
flashbulb memory b. episodic memory
c. semantic memory
d. acoustic memory
10. It
has been 25 years since Anthony has taken geometry, yet he is
able to remember many
theorems. This state of affairs best describes
a. permastore
memory b. procedural memory c. flashbulb
memory
d. episodic memory
11. Shallow
processing is to ___________rehearsal as deep processing is
to ____________rehearsal.
a. long-term;
short-term b. maintenance; elaborative
c. elaborative;
long term d. elaborative; maintenance
12. To
learn the term “mnemonic device” you encode it by forming many associations
between the term and examples of mnemonics you have used in studying for
tests. The process you use is
a. procedural memory
b. permastore memory c. maintenance rehearsal
d. elaborative memory.
13. “One is a bun,
two is a shoe” exemplifies the mnemonic device known as the
a. chunking method
b. method of loci c. subjective organization
d. peg-word approach.
14. The
retrieval process of combining actual details from long-term memory with
items that seem to fit the occasion describes
a. procedural memory
b. reconstructive memory c. mnemonic memory
d. method of loci
15. Which of
the following is true concerning eyewitness testimony?
a. reconstructive
memory does not occur
b. violence interferes
with memory retrieval
c. witness confidence
is not related
to witness accuracy
d. both b and c
16. Identifying
someone in a police lineup involves
a. recognition memory
b. procedural memory c. permastore memory
d. recall
17. Dennis lost his
keys the other night when he was drunk. the next day when he could
not find them, a friend suggested that he have several drinks before searching
again. His friend believes that memory is
a. state-independent b. mood incongruent c. state-dependent
d. mood congruent.
18. Which of
the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?
a. remembering the
name of your first grade teacher
b. remembering where
you were when you heard about the crash of PAN AM flight 103
c. remembering who
attended your eighth birthday party
d. remembering to
take the cookies out of the oven before they burn.
19. The speed
at which a person relearns material is closely associated with
a. permastore
b. savings c. consolidation d. mnemonics
20. You find
that studying anthropology for an hour before studying
philosophy/religion
interferes with your memory of philosophy/religion.
This demonstrates
a. proactive interference b. retroactive interference
c. forgetting due
to decay d. a form of amnesia.
21. Research
on forgetting in the elderly has demonstrated that older people
a. show substantial
memory losses
b. remember automatic
operations as well as young people
c. do as well as younger
people on tasks that require a conscious effort to remember
d. are often less forgetful than younger people.
22. Eli
was hit in the head with a basketball. Afterwards he seemed to beall
right but had trouble creating new memories. His doctor says Brian’sproblem
is
a. anterograde amnesia
b. retrieval failure c. retrograde amnesia
d. a failure to use
mnemonic devices
23. A person
with retrograde amnesia experiences
a. trouble formingnew
memories b. retrieval failure c. storage failure
d. encoding problems.
24. Richard Thompson’s
work in which destroying brain tissue in the cerebellumdisrupted a classically
conditioned eye blink response, revealed the importance of the cerebellum
to the formation of
a. procedural
memories b. episodic memories c. flashbulb memories
d. semantic memories
25. A malfunctioning
hippocampus seems to be the key for both
a. Korsakoff’s syndrome
and proactive interference
b. proactive interferenceand
retroactive interference
c. retroactive interference
and retrograde amnesia
d. anterograde amnesia
and Korsakoff’s syndrome.
26. If a sensory experience
is not converted to a memory trace, in which area of the brain is damage
likely?
a. thalamus b. cerebellum c. hippocampus
d. hypothalamus
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