CHAPTER FIVE
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7. Describe the five stages
of sleep in terms of: eye movements; b. EEG
patterns c. muscle activity
and tension; d. autonomic nervous system
responses e. consciousness
f. dreams, nightmares, and night terrors g.
somnambulism and h. % of time spent
in each stage.
Describe the NREM and REM cycle
in terms of the length of the cycle and
duration on successive REM periods.
8. Is there an answer to the question:
How much sleep time is necessary?
What evidence is given for infants-->age
2 REM sleep decline as an
indication of neural maturation?
9. Describe changes in the
following aspects of sleep that occur as a
function of age:
a. total sleep time b. REM
sleep c. slow wave sleep d. sleep latency.
What are microsleeps?
10. Define insomnia.
What % of adults experience it? Describe the
disadvantages of using hypnotics
to treat insomnia. What behavioral advice
is given to combat insomnia?
Describe the stimulus control therapy and sleep
restriction therapy and how they
might be applied.
11. Describe the effects of the
sleep disorder of narcolepsy. What is being
done for it?
12. Explain the phenomenon of sudden
infant death syndrome and what is being done.
13. Who are potential candidates
for sleep apnea? Describe the problems
associated with it.
14. Distinguish between somnambulism
and sleep talking in terms of sleep
stages.
The
Sleep Well at Stanford U
The Sleep Well is a web site developed
by one of the world's leading
authorities on sleep and sleep disorders,
Dr. William C. Dement. Dr.
Dement is director of the Stanford
University Sleep Disorders Clinic.
Worth
Publishers Links
*** Behavioral Neurosciences Page
This site, "dedicated to those who
are pursuing the biological bases of
behavior," is a great launching
pad for a Web exploration. No content,
just a list of links, grouped into
such categories as neuroscience,
periodicals, software, evolution
and behavior, and experimentation.
*** BrainWeb
This comprehensive list of Web sites
concerned with brain diseases and
disorders was compiled by a group
that includes five Nobel laureates.
The sites are organized by disease/disorder,
including autism, alcohol
and drug abuse, chronic pain, schizophrenia,
learning disabilities,
sleep disorders, and Tourette syndrome.
Each listing is accompanied by a
brief description.
*** Fact Sheets: Web of Addictions
A tremendously rich resource of
information on abused drugs and
addiction. Drug fact sheets, lists
of organizations, topical papers,
links to related Web sites--this
site has it all. A great resource for
students and instructors.
** Internet Substance Abuse Resources
A list of links to substance abuse
resources, including organizations,
online bulletin boards, listservs,
and software useful in the substance
abuse field.
* The Journal Sleep
An academic journal devoted to sleep
research. Includes tables of
contents and abstracts.
*** Mental Health and Nervous System
Home Page
This page focuses on the pharmacology
of mental health. It's a valuable
resource for those interested in
the latest information on a specific
drug or drug treatment. Topics are
usefully organized around both
disorders and specific drugs. The
site also contains a list of related
pharmacology Web resources and newsgroups.
*** Neuropsychology Central
An excellent Web site organized
around topics in neurospychology,
including assessment, treatment,
development, neuroimaging, geriatric,
and more. Click the text around
the brain image to follow a link.
*** Neurosciences on the Internet
One of the best links to the wealth
of neuroscience information
available on the Web. Select the
category "Information on Human
Neurological Diseases" for links
to everything from ataxia to Tourette
syndrome to Wernicke's encephalopathy.
** Psychopharmacology Tips
*** Relative Addictiveness of Drugs
This article from the New York Times
begins with the provocative
statement, "When heavily dependent
users of cocaine are asked to compare
the urge to take cocaine with the
urge to smoke cigarettes, about 45
percent say the urge to smoke is
as strong or stronger than that for
cocaine." A fascinating article
that defines addiction along five
dimensions: severity of withdrawal,
reinforcing potential, tolerance,
dependence, and intoxication. Compares
six commonly abused drugs along
each dimension. A great article
for both intro students and profs.
*** The Sleep Medicine Home Page
* Yahoo!--Science:Psychology: Sleep
and Dreams:
2.Keiko has been feeling very tired recently, even though she
has been getting at least eight hours a sleep every night. She
goes to the doctor and finds out that she stops breathing
while she sleeps. In other words, she has the sleep disorder
known as
a. sleep apnea.
b. hypersomnia.
c. insomnia.
d. narcolepsy.
3.Which of the following people is most probably experiencing
REM sleep?
a. Nicole, who is dreaming.
b. Michelle, who is sleepwalking.
c. Gillian, whose EEG is displaying delta waves.
d. Esperanza, who is talking in her sleep.
4. Manuel is meditating while hooked up to an EEG. The EEG
output should look similar to that of a person in which stage
of sleep?
a. Stage 0
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 4
d. REM
5.Priscilla did not get much sleep during final exam week. On
the second night after her finals ended, she most likely
experienced
a. a substantially higher amount of REM sleep than usual.
b. about the same amount of REM sleep as usual.
c. a substantially lower amount of REM sleep than usual.
d. no REM sleep.
6.Krista has taken a drug that will not allow the
neurotransmitter dopamine to bind to any receptors in her
brain. Krista has most likely taken
a. a dopamine agonist.
b. a dopamine antagonist.
c. an analgesic.
d. an opiate.
7.Laverne hooks Shirley up to an EEG. When the EEG shows
delta waves, Laverne concludes that Shirley is in what stage
of sleep?
a. Stage 0.
b. Stage 1
c. Stage 2
d. Stage 4
8.Vince was stacking soda cans at the grocery store when a
customer asked, "Where can I find frozen pizzas?" Although
Vince had not been thinking of the frozen food aisle, he easily
retrieved the information and told the customer. From what
level of consciousness did Vince retrieve this information?
a. Preconscious
b. Unconscious
c. Subconscious.
d. Nonconscious
9.A couple of hours ago, Ted smoked a cigarette. He now
begins to feel the discomfort of withdrawal symptoms, so he
has another cigarette. Which of the following best describes
Ted's condition?
a. Tolerance
b. Psychological dependence
c. Addiction
d. Psychopharmacology
10.Shaun was addicted to a stimulant that reduces drowsiness
and raises urine production. He went through withdrawal for
a week and experienced headaches, fatigue, shakiness, and
craving. Shaun was addicted to
a. caffeine.
b. heroin.
c. marijuana.
d. LSD.
11.Ahmad is a geologist who sometimes works underground for
several days in a row. While he is underground, Ahmad no
longer gets information from the sun about whether it is night
or day; but he still goes to sleep at about the same time as
usual. Ahmad's internal clock for sleep is controlled by his
a. midbrain.
b. cerebellum.
c. suprachiasmatic nucleus.
d. hippocampus.
12. Which of the following people suffers from a sleep disorder
that specifically involves REM sleep?
a. Chad, who has insomnia.
b. Chester, who walks and talks in his sleep.
c. Chris, who has narcolepsy.
d. Charles, who has sleep apnea
13. Linus observes Lucy as she sleeps. Watching the EEG, he
says, "stage 2...stage 3... stage 4..." If Lucy is experiencing a
normal sleep cycle, which stage of sleep should the EEG
detect after stage 4?
a. Stage 3
b. REM
c. Stage 1
d. Stage 2
14.Who will most likely spend the highest percentage of her time
asleep in REM sleep?
a. Beulah, age six months
b. Bernice, age six years
c. Barbara, age sixteen
d. Bertha, age sixty
15.After sustaining a head injury, Sam the barber was no longer
able to recognize his customers' faces by sight. Although he
was still able to see their faces and trim their hair, he only
knew who was sitting in the barber's chair from the sound of
the person's voice. Sam's condition is called
a. anterograde amnesia.
b. aphasia.
c. proprioception.
d. prosopagnosia.
16. For the past two months, Lynn has had trouble falling asleep.
When she attended a sleep clinic, the physician in charge
recommended the use of sleep restriction therapy.
Consequently, from now on, when Lynn goes to bed, she will
a. go to bed only when sleepy and leave the bed if sleep doesn't
come.
b. take a warm bath and drink a glass of warm milk every night
before going to bed.
c. take sleeping pills.
d. use stress-management techniques such as relaxation training.
17.Maria is the mother of a three-month-old infant. Since her
friend's baby died of SIDS, recently, Maria has been
consumed with worry. When she asks her pediatrician what
she could do in order to protect her baby from SIDS, he
might tell her,
a. "Stop worrying. Your baby is beyond the age at which
infants are susceptible to SIDS."
b. "Make sure that the surface he sleeps on is soft."
c. "Put him to sleep in his own crib instead of in your bed."
d. "Put him to sleep on his back and quit smoking."
18. In court, the defendant claimed that she was not guilty of
killing her husband because she suffered from a sleep
disorder. An expert witness testified that the disorder might
lead her to act out violent dreams. The disorder is called
a. insomnia.
b. night terrors.
c. REM behavior disorder.
d. sleep apnea.
19. Joy volunteered to participate in an experiment that requires
her to live in an underground chamber for two months. During
that time, she will not be permitted to wear a watch and the
chamber has no radio, television, telephone, computers, or
any other appliance that can be used to discern the time.
Consequently, she will have no way to tell the time or even if
it's day or night. The researchers expect Joy's circadian
rhythm to
a. remain at 24 hours.
b. show great variation from day to day.
c. stabilize at around 23 hours.
d. stabilize at around 25 hours.
20.George has taken a stimulant that causes him to have visual
hallucinations. It also makes him feel a closeness with other
people. Physically, though the drug is not addictive, it does
result in jaw muscle spasms and in high enough doses can
cause the destruction of the serotonin-containing neurons in
George's brain. George has taken
a. amphetamines or "speed".
b. crack cocaine.
c. LSD or "acid".
d. MDMA or Ecstasy.
