The birth of a nation by necessity requires great struggle and experimentation, and the birth of the United States of America was no different. The period leading up to the Revolutionary War was characterized by strife and conflict, and the years afterwards brought relief only in the knowledge that now the turmoil and hardship was because of American problems, and not British problems. However, many great men brought forth a governmental structure that would lead our country through its times of need in the future. During this era, everything from our first style of government to the amendment process was first drafted. Because of the detailed layout of these processes that was written at this time, our legislative system runs like a well oiled machine today. With the advent of the new judicial system, the Americans realized that the laws that had been drafted were not in vain, these principles were upheld in the important cases of the time. As will the legislative system, the court cases provided important precedents that would be key as the new nation grew.




1600 to 1700

First Session of the House of Burgesses - 1619
Mayflower Compact created and signed - 1620
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - 1639
Rhode Island enacts first law making slavery illegal - 1652
Maryland passes law on Lifelong Servitude for slaves - 1664
Salem Witch Trials - 1692

1700 to 1775

Post Office Act - 1710
Zenger Trial - 1735
New York Bar Association founded - 1747
Albany Plan of Union - 1754
Proclamation of 1763
Sugar Act of 1764
Currency Act of 1764
Stamp Act of 1765
Mutiny Act of 1765
Virginia Resolutions - 1765
Declaratory Act of 1766
Townshend Revenue Act of 1767
Circular Letter sent out - 1768
Tea Act of 1773
Chisholm v. Georgia - 1773
Intolerable Acts - 1774
Quebec Act of 1774
First Continental Congress
Second Continental Congress
Declaration of Causes and Necessities - 1775

1776 to 1800

Common Sense - 1776
Declaration of Independence - 1776
Articles of Confederation - 1777
Ordinance of Religious Freedom - 1786
The Constitutional Convention - 1787
Constitution in Effect - 1788
First Congress convenes in New York City - 1789
Presidential Oaths Act - 1789
Indian Treaties and Negotiations Act - 1789
Duties on Goods Act - 1789
Establish the Treasury Act - 1789
Establishment of the Department of War - 1789
Post Office Establishment Act - 1789
Federal Judiciary Act passed - 1789
Alien and Sedition Acts - 1798
Amendment XI ratified - 1795
Peace with Indian Tribes Act - 1800
Northwest Treaty Act - 1800

1801 to 1850
Marbury vs. Madison - 1803
Amendment XII ratified - 1804
Embargo Act of 1807
Prohibition of Slave Importation Act of 1807
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
Fletcher v. Peck - 1810
Seminole Wars Begin - 1817
Dartmouth College v. Woodward - 1819
McCulloch vs. Maryland - 1819
Gibbons vs. Ogden - 1824
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia - 1831
Worchester vs. Georgia - 1832
Second Seminole War - 1835
Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge - 1837


The Civil War and Reconstruction brought a new kind of obstacle to century old nation. While still a very young country by most standards, America had thus far experienced more change than most other nations. The Civil War was simply a culmination of the tensions that had been building up between the North and the South for several decades and the relative brevity of the war allowed for a quick transition into the Industrial Era. After these two events began America's climb into the ranks of World Power that was seen throughout the 20th century.

V.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
The Compromise of 1850
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1855
Third Seminole War - 1855
Scott vs. Sandford - 1857
Morril Act of 1862
Homestead Act of 1862
Pacific Railway Act of 1862
The Failed Wade-Davis Bill of 1864
Amendment XIII ratified - 1865
Radical Reconstruction began - 1866
The Freedman's Bureau Act - 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866
Mississippi v. Johnson - 1867
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867
Amendment XIV ratified - 1868
Hepburn v. Griswold - 1870
Amendment XV ratified - 1870
The Amnesty Act of 1872
The Civil Rights Act of 1875
US vs. Cruikshank - 1876
Compromise of 1877
Munn v. Illinois - 1877







These years marked the greatest change perhaps, in all of American history thus far. With the election of Hayes marking the end of Reconstruction, the American society had long ago abandoned Jefferson's dream of an agrarian society and had begun their movement towards the cities. The influx of immigrants had wrought bad feelings from the "natives" as evidenced through legislature such as the Chinese Exclusion Act. Throughout this period, the Woman's Suffrage movement had been gaining steam. A whole new group of women had adopted this cause, and their efforts culminated in the 19th Amendment. Essentially, this period is divided into two main segments, The Gilded Age and The Progressive Movement . During the Gilded Age, the rich grew richer and poor grew poorer, resulting in additional Legislature. On the Civil Rights side, Plessy v. Ferguson marked the beginning of a long string of Supreme Court decisions leading from the end of Reconstruction to the Civil Rights movement. And that does not even mention the two World Wars. This was truly the New American Era.




1878 to 1899
The Bland-Alison Act of 1878
The Posse-Comitatus Act of 1878
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Civil Rights Cases of 1883 The Civil Service Act of 1883
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1886
Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
The Hatch Act of 1887
Chicago, Milwaukee, & St. Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota (1890)
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
United States v. E.C. Knights (1890)
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
In re debs (1895)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

1900 - 1929
The Foraker Act of 1900
Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902
Elkins Act of 1903
Theodore Roosevelt's Clean Goverment Campaign of 1904
Swift v. US (1905)
Hepburn Act of 1906
The Tillman Act of 1907
The Publicity Act of 1910
Amendments to Tillman and Publicity Acts of 1911
Amendment XVI ratified(1913)
Amendment XVII ratified(1913)
The Federal Reserve Act of 1914
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
The Jones Act of 1916
The Adamson Railway Labor Act of 1916
The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916
Espionage Act of 1917
Selective Service Act of 1917
Wilson's Fourteen Points (1917)
Amendment XVIII ratified (1919)
Sedition Act of 1918
Schenk v. United States (1919)
Volstead Act (1919)
Amendment XIX ratified (1920)
US v. Newberry (1921)
Fordney McCumber Tariff Act (1922)
Teapot Dome Scandal of 1922
Dawes Plan of 1924
The Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1925

1930 - 1945
The New Deal Legislation(begun 1933) and
New Deal Programs
Amendment XX ratified (1933) i.e. Lame Duck Amendment
Amendment XXI ratified (1933)
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Schecter v. US (1935)
The Public Utilities Holding Act of 1935
National Labor Relations Act of 1935
Social Security Act of 1935
Court Packing Incident of 1937
The Neutrality Acts [1935 - 1938]
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
The Hatch Act of 1939
US v. Darby Lumber Co. (1941)
The Smith Connelly Act of 1943
Korematsu v. US (1944)


The shifting demographics of America in the post- World War II era have brought about a plethora of changes within the judicial and legislative branches. The sharply contrasting views on the divisions between Americans once again jump-started the Civil and Women’s Rights movements. Our First Amendment rights were expanded to new heights in this era by antiwar demonstrators and Beatniks. Presidential power was also at an acme for this period as the various presidents wielded more influence than in any other time, perhaps leading to the countless numbers of Congress-passed Acts that attempted to check Executive power but were vetoed by the President. Overall, this time marked immense progress in human rights and social improvement, as delineated by the many acts related to these issues.

1940s

Smith Act of 1940
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill)
Employment Act of 1946
1946 - Fair Deal
June 24, 1946 - Vinson Court begins.
Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
National Security Act of 1947

1950s

McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950
February 27, 1951 - Amendment XXII is ratified.
June 4, 1951 - Verdict is reached in Dennis v. U.S.
Indian Termination Act of 1953
October 5, 1953 - Warren Court begins.
May 17, 1954 - Verdict is reached in Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas (I).
May 31, 1955 - Verdict is reached in Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas (II).
The Highway Act of 1956
June 17, 1957 - Verdict is reached in Yates v. U.S.
Landrum-Griffith Act of 1959

1960s

March 29, 1961 - Amendment XXIII is ratified.
June 5, 1961 - Verdict is reached in Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board.
June 19, 1961 - Verdict is reached in Mapp v. Ohio.
Trade Expansion Act of 1962
June 25, 1962 - Verdict is reached in Engel v. Vitale.
March 18, 1963 - Verdict is reached in Gideon v. Wainwright.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
January 23, 1964 - Amendment XXIV is ratified.
May 11, 1964 - Verdict is reached in Griswold v. Connecticut.
June 22, 1964 - Verdict is reached in Escobedo v. Illinois.
December 14, 1964 - Verdict is reached in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Immigration Act of 1965
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
June 13, 1966 - Verdict is reached in Miranda v. Arizona.
Air Quality Act of 1967
February 10, 1967 - Amendment XXV is ratified.
October 2, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American Supreme Court Justice.
June 10, 1968 - Verdict is reached in Terry v. Ohio.
February 24, 1969 - Verdict is reached in Tinker v. Des Moines.
June 23, 1969 - Burger Court begins.

1970s

Clean Air Act of 1970
April 20, 1971 - Verdict is reached in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg.
June 30, 1971 - Verdict is reached in New York Times v. U.S.
July 1, 1971 - Amendment XXVI is ratified.
Clean Water Act of 1972
Title IX of 1972
March 22, 1972 - Equal Rights Amendment is proposed by Congress.
War Powers Act of 1973
January 22, 1973 - Verdict is reached in Roe v. Wade.
July 24, 1974 - Verdict is reached in U.S. v. Nixon.
Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975
Panama Canal treaty of 1978
Neutrality treaty of 1978
Camp David Accords of 1978
June 28, 1978 - Verdict is reached in Regents v. Bakke.
Trade Agreement Act of 1979

1980s

September 25, 1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the first female Supreme Court Justice.
Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
September 26, 1986 - Rehnquist Court begins.
Intermediate Nuclear Force Agreement of 1987
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
June 21, 1989 - Verdict is reached in Texas v. Johnson.
July 3, 1989 - Verdict is reached in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services.

1990s

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
May 7, 1992 - Amendment XXVII is ratified.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1993
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (actually realized circa 1996)
May 27, 1997 - Verdict is reached in Clinton v. Jones.